Besides understanding the factors, which contribute to poor habitat quality, describing the development and refinement of well-established approaches to understanding the needs of population are key environmental health assessment techniques in addressing pollution. Several researchers have adopted various approaches, including the use of wild birds as bio-indicators, to assess environmental hazards of heavy metals. In particular, wild birds are generally preferred because they are abundant, widely distributed, have long life span, sensitive to atmospheric pollution, food chains variability and suitable for monitoring the amount of bioaccumulation of heavy metals in the body tissues and organs.

My research interests focus on determination of toxic heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Ar, and Cr) in wild birds. By way of illustration, wild bird species living close to human habitats i.e. Synanthropic organisms have a higher risk of being affected by pollutants, hence their preference as bio-indicator organisms in ecotoxicological studies. One of the common bird species found in areas of human habitatation are house crow (Corvus splenden), house sparrow (Passer domesticus) and rock pigeon (C. livia)., which live close to human settlement, in addition to feeding on refuse around human habitats.

I am currently working on three projects:

1. Uptake and bioaccumulation of heavy metals in different tissues of house crows: relationship between the bio-accumulated concentrations and the bioavailable concentrations in the foods, surface soil and street dust of the Klang area.
2. Assess the effectiveness of using antioxidant enzymes (GSH, SOD and Cp ferroxidase activity) as biomarkers for metal stress in house crow in contrast with metals Pb, Cd,Cu, Zn, Ni and Fe concentrations in liver, kidney and blood tissues of the birds.

3- Determination of heavy metals (Zn, Fe, Cu and Ni) content in tobacco cigarette brands in Selangor state, Peninsular Malaysia. This project is aimed at evaluating the concentrations of heavy metals (Zn, Fe, Cu and Ni) in 15 different tobacco cigarette brands produced and/or sold in Selangor state, Peninsular Malaysia. The first manuscript was submitted to journal of public health.