Ibrahim, A., Olsen, A., Lauvset, S., & Rey, F. (2014). Seasonal variations of the surface nutrients
and hydrography in the Norwegian Sea. International Journal of Environmental Science and
Development, 5(5), 496.

Ibrahim, A. S., Al-Farawati, R., Hawas, U., & Shaban, Y. (2017). Recent Microextraction
Techniques for Determination and Chemical Speciation of Selenium. Open Chemistry, 15(1),
103-122.

Ibrahim, A. S., & Al-Farawati, R. (2017). Selenium Determination, Distribution, Behavior,
Sources, and Its Relationship to the Physico-Chemical Parameters in Coastal Polluted Lagoon
along Jeddah Coast, Red Sea.

Fallatah, M. M., Kavil, Y. N., Ibrahim, A. S., Orif, M. I., Shaban, Y. A., & Al Farawati, R. (2018) Hydrographic parameters and distribution of dissolved Cu, Ni, Zn and nutrients near Jeddah
desalination plant. Open Chemistry, 16(1), 246-257.

The importance of selenium in the marine environment is highlighted by its bilateral behavior as a nutrient and toxic element. The cathodic stripping voltammetry validated method was used to determine the selenium concentration. The concentration of total dissolved selenium (TDSe) in Al-Arbaeen and Sharm Obhur lagoons along the eastern Red Sea coastal waters was determined. The total selenium concentration in seven fish species’ muscles was determined. TDSe in the surface water of Al-Arbaeen and Sharm Obhur lagoons showed a maximum concentration of 18.56 and 8.38 nM, respectively. TDSe in the surface water of Al-Arbaeen revealed high concentrations near the wastewater discharging pipes in the lagoon. The linear regression between the TDSe and salinity reflected that the discharged water is the source of selenium with a significant negative correlation of (R2 = 0.80, p < 0.05). In contrast, TDSe in the surface water of Sharm Obhur showed a significant positive correlation (R2 = 0.78, p < 0.05). In the lagoon head, hypoxic and anoxic conditions were dominant. This condition reflected the low TDSe concentration and may affect the selenium chemical forms’ abundance in the lagoon. Two fish species Herklotsichthys punctatus and Herklotsichthys revealed high concentrations of 3.99 and 2.40 µg/g, respectively, which exceeded the permissible levels of the WHO, FAO, and ASTDR.