{"id":25,"date":"2022-09-25T08:27:53","date_gmt":"2022-09-25T08:27:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/qufaculty.qu.edu.qa\/alqhtani\/?page_id=25"},"modified":"2022-09-25T09:21:17","modified_gmt":"2022-09-25T09:21:17","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a4%d9%87%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a9-educational-background","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/qufaculty.qu.edu.qa\/alqhtani\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a4%d9%87%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a9-educational-background\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a Publications"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b<\/u><\/strong> <\/u><\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629<\/u><\/strong> <\/u><\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0641\u064a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a<\/strong> ) <\/strong>\u0641\u064a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b<\/strong>(<\/strong>\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a- \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f<\/strong>15 <\/strong>\u060c1995.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u2013\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (1871-1915)\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c 1998.<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0641\u064a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0641\u064a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0639\u0647\u062f<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0628\u0646<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064a<\/strong> <\/strong>(1700-1783)\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f<\/strong> 93 <\/strong>\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 1999.<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0645\u0636\u064a\u0642<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0647\u0631\u0645\u0632<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0646<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f<\/strong> 38 <\/strong>\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648<\/strong> 2000<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0631<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f<\/strong> <\/strong>107\u060c \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2002.<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0627 (1945-1990)\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>–\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2000.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0648\u0628<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0641\u064a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0642\u0637\u0631<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0641\u064a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0628\u064a\u0646<\/strong> <\/strong>(1670-1826)\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633<\/strong> 2004 <\/strong>.<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0648\u0636\u0639<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0641\u064a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u064a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0641\u064a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062d\u064a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0648\u0631-<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2007.<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0628\u064a\u0646<\/strong> <\/strong>(1913-1949)\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0646<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f<\/strong> 44 <\/strong>\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2008.<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0642\u0637\u0631<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a<\/strong> <\/strong>(1995-2005)\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0642\u0637\u0631 2008.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0642\u0637\u0631<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0641\u064a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0645\u0627<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0628\u064a\u0646<\/strong> <\/strong>(1949-1971)\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639<\/strong>: <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0641\u064a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>(1918-2000)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633<\/strong> <\/strong>– \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631<\/strong> <\/strong>2000.<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0628\u0646<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0622\u0644<\/strong> <\/strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0641\u064a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645<\/strong> <\/strong>(1878-1913)\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062d\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>–\u0642\u0637\u0631\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2000.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633\u0627\u062a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0641\u064a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0631\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 2010.<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0631\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0641\u064a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0638\u0644<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0629\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0637<\/strong> <\/strong>\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631-<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2012.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0628\u0646<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0622\u0644<\/strong> <\/strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0641\u064a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0628\u064a\u0646<\/strong> <\/strong>(1878-1913)\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0637<\/strong> <\/strong>\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>–\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 2012.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0645\u0646<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627<\/strong> <\/strong>(1917-1953)\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2014.<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0641\u064a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0645\u0633\u0642\u0637<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0641\u064a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0639\u0647\u062f<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0628\u0646<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064a<\/strong> 1744 <\/strong>\u2013 1783 <\/strong>\u0645\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u060c 2017.<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

–  \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u062d\u0643\u0645<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0628\u0646<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0622\u0644<\/strong> <\/strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/strong> <\/strong>(1913-1949)\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0649<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0639\u0634\u0631\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0627\u0631<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0644<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644<\/strong> 2018<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

–  \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>(1917-1948)\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648<\/strong> 2018<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0622\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 1878 – 1913 \u0645\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0627\u0645\u0646\u063a\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 2018.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0631<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0627\u0645\u0646\u063a\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2019.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c 2021.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 1866 – 1878 \u0645\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0642\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0631\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 6\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 1\u060c 2022.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b<\/u><\/strong> <\/u><\/strong>\u0623\u0644\u0642\u064a\u062a<\/u><\/strong> <\/u><\/strong>\u0641\u064a<\/u><\/strong> <\/u><\/strong>\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/u><\/strong> <\/u><\/strong>\u0648\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0646\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/u><\/strong> <\/u><\/strong>\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0641\u064a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0641\u064a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0639\u0647\u062f<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0628\u0646<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064a<\/strong> <\/strong>(1700-1783)\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/strong>:<\/strong> \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0641\u064a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u0645\u0633\u0642\u0637\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 1994.<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0641\u064a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a<\/strong> ) <\/strong>\u0641\u064a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b<\/strong>( <\/strong> \u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0642\u0637\u0631\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 1995.<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>– \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>(1871-1915)\u060c \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/strong>: <\/strong>\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0641\u064a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b (1820-1930)\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0623\u0628\u0648\u0638\u0628\u064a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0645\u0646<\/strong> 14 <\/strong>– 16 <\/strong>\u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631<\/strong> 1997<\/strong>.<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0627\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0631\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0641<\/strong> 1996<\/strong>.<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0648\u0628<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0625\u0644\u0649<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0642\u0637\u0631<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0641\u064a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0628\u064a\u0646<\/strong> <\/strong>(1670-1826)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0644<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062d\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>-\u0642\u0637\u0631<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0645\u0646<\/strong> <\/strong> 27 <\/strong>– 30 <\/strong>\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2004.<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0648\u0636\u0639<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0641\u064a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u064a<\/strong>: <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0639\u0646<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0641\u064a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0645\u0646<\/strong> 14 <\/strong>– 16 <\/strong>\u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633<\/strong> 2007 <\/strong>\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0648\u0631-<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627<\/strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0628\u0646<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0622\u0644<\/strong> <\/strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0641\u064a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 (1878-1913)\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0644<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0642\u0637\u0631<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0628\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0649<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633<\/strong> <\/strong>\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0642\u0637\u0631<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0641\u064a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0645\u0646<\/strong> 10 <\/strong>– 18 \/ 12 \/ 2008 <\/strong>\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062d\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>–\u0642\u0637\u0631<\/strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u062f\u0648\u0631<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0641\u064a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0641\u064a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u062f\u0648\u0644<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0639\u0646<\/strong> <\/strong>\u062f\u0648\u0631<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0641\u064a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646<\/strong> <\/strong>4-6<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633<\/strong> 2009 <\/strong>\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0648\u0631-<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627<\/strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0633:<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637<\/strong> <\/strong>\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0635\u0649\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062d\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f<\/strong>32 <\/strong>\u060c\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062d\u0629-\u0642\u0637\u0631\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 2010.<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0632\u0644\u0629<\/strong>: <\/strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e<\/strong> <\/strong>\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0644\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062d\u0629\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f<\/strong>37 <\/strong>\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062d\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>– \u0642\u0637\u0631\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u06312010.<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e<\/strong> <\/strong>\u062c\u0627\u0633\u0645<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0628\u0646<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0628\u0646<\/strong> <\/strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062d\u0629\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f<\/strong> 38 <\/strong>\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062d\u0629-<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0642\u0637\u0631\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2010.<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633\u0627\u062a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0648\u0645\u0627<\/strong> <\/strong>\u064a\u062a\u0647\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0645\u0646<\/strong> <\/strong>\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062d\u0629-\u0642\u0637\u0631\u060c 2010.<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0645\u0646<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627<\/strong> <\/strong>1917-1953<\/strong> <\/strong>\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0639\u0646<\/strong> <\/strong>\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0641\u064a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0645\u0646<\/strong> <\/strong>19-21<\/strong> <\/strong>\u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2010.<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0623\u062b\u0631<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0641\u064a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u064a\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/strong> )<\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644<\/strong>(<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062d\u0629\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u060c 21 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 2011<\/strong>.<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0641\u064a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062d\u0629\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f<\/strong>49 <\/strong>\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062d\u0629-<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0642\u0637\u0631\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631<\/strong> <\/strong> 2011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

–  \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0635<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0641\u064a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062d\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f<\/strong>50 <\/strong>\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062d\u0629-<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0642\u0637\u0631\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2011<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0645\u0636\u064a\u0642<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0647\u0631\u0645\u0632<\/strong>: <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0644\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062d\u0629\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f<\/strong>52 <\/strong>\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631<\/strong> 2012<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0631\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0641\u064a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0638\u0644<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0629\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0649<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/strong> <\/strong>\u062d\u0648\u0644<\/strong>: <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0629\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631<\/strong> <\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c<\/strong> 22-23 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2011<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0641\u064a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0641\u0643\u0631<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e<\/strong> <\/strong>\u062c\u0627\u0633\u0645<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0628\u0646<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0622\u0644<\/strong> <\/strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0628\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0642\u0637\u0631<\/strong> “<\/strong>\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0641\u064a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0641\u0643\u0631<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633<\/strong> .. <\/strong>\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0641\u064a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0637\u0631<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629<\/strong>“<\/strong>\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062d\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0642\u0637\u0631\u060c<\/strong>17 <\/strong>\u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2012.<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0641\u064a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0639\u0647\u062f<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0628\u0646<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f<\/strong> <\/strong> ( 1744-1783)\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629<\/strong> “<\/strong>\u0645\u0633\u0642\u0637<\/strong>: <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/strong>“<\/strong>\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0645\u0633\u0642\u0637<\/strong> <\/strong>-\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>27-28 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631<\/strong> 2013<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0641\u064a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0641\u0643\u0631<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e<\/strong> <\/strong>\u062c\u0627\u0633\u0645<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0628\u0646<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644<\/strong> <\/strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0642\u0637\u0631\u060c 2014.<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0639\u0644\u0645<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a\u0647<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0642\u0637\u0631\u060c<\/strong> 2014 <\/strong>.<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0627\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0647<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0628\u0646<\/strong> <\/strong>\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0631<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0647<\/strong>: <\/strong>\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0642\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0627\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0639\u0645\u0644<\/strong>: <\/strong>\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0642\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0641<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0642\u0637\u0631\u060c 2014.<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0641\u064a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631<\/strong> 29 <\/strong>\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062d\u0629<\/strong>– \u0642\u0637\u0631\u060c<\/strong> 17 <\/strong>\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633<\/strong> <\/strong>2014.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

–  \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0641\u0646<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u062e\u0627\u0631\u0641<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0641\u064a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062c\u062f<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0641\u064a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0639\u0647\u062f<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>2015.<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0639\u0644\u0645<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a\u0647<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0649<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0642\u0637\u0631\u060c<\/strong> 9 <\/strong>\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648<\/strong> 2017 <\/strong>.<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0628\u064a\u0646<\/strong> <\/strong>\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0642\u0637\u0631<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646<\/strong> <\/strong>\u062f\u0648\u0644<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0631<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0645\u0646\u0630<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0639\u0634\u0631<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0631<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0641\u064a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c<\/strong> 25 <\/strong>\u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 2018.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 ” \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0622\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a 1913 \u2013 1949\u0645” \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a-\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u060c 10-11 \u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2018.<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 (1917-1948)\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629<\/strong>: <\/strong>\u0645\u0626\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0633\u0646\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0648\u0639\u062f<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0628\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631<\/strong>: <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0644\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0643\u0628\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0648\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0641\u064a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>12-14<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648<\/strong> 2018<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 ” \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u064a” \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0633\u0642\u0637-\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c 25-26 \u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2019.<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628<\/u><\/strong> <\/u><\/strong>\u0648\u0641\u0635\u0648\u0644<\/u><\/strong> <\/u><\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0641\u064a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646 ( 1948-1962)\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639<\/strong> <\/strong>\u062f\u0627\u0631<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0637<\/strong> 1 <\/strong>\u060c<\/strong> 1993<\/strong>\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c<\/strong> 2000 <\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062d\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u2013 \u0642\u0637\u0631.<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629-<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (1934-1962)<\/strong> <\/strong>\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0642\u0637\u0631<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0637<\/strong> 1 <\/strong>\u060c<\/strong> 2004 <\/strong>\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062d\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>– \u0642\u0637\u0631<\/strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0641\u064a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0637<\/strong>1 <\/strong>\u060c<\/strong> 2008 <\/strong>\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0648\u062f\u0627<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062d\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>–\u0642\u0637\u0631<\/strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0641\u0635\u0644<\/strong> ” <\/strong>\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0631<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0642\u0637\u0631 1868-1971″\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0639\u0646<\/strong> <\/strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0648\u060c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u060c<\/strong> 2008<\/strong>.<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 – \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a ) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b(\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a- \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1127,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/qufaculty.qu.edu.qa\/alqhtani\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/25"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/qufaculty.qu.edu.qa\/alqhtani\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/qufaculty.qu.edu.qa\/alqhtani\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/qufaculty.qu.edu.qa\/alqhtani\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1127"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/qufaculty.qu.edu.qa\/alqhtani\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/qufaculty.qu.edu.qa\/alqhtani\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/25\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":31,"href":"http:\/\/qufaculty.qu.edu.qa\/alqhtani\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/25\/revisions\/31"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/qufaculty.qu.edu.qa\/alqhtani\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}